Some great information here on adding copyright info to the metadata attached to your photos.
There’s also a link to another article about how to register your photos with the Library of Congress – a fairly straightforward procedure, though it does involve fees.
I was a bit surprised to read this, since most decisions these days seem to be made in the opposite direction.
However, after thinking about it for a couple of days, I’m not sure that copyright is an idea that will last in this technological day and age.
I recently read another article about how companies are trying to tie technology to your biology – think cyborg, sort of. So if something then becomes part of ‘you’ – what happens to the copyright?
I think that perhaps copyright will go the way of privacy. We shall see. 
Link to the article below:
Europe’s top court has ruled that knowingly posting links to copyrighted material can be an infringement of rights holders’ rights — even though the copyrighted material in…
Source: Europe’s top court rules linking can infringe copyright if done for profit | TechCrunch
This is something I always overlook when it’s a new year!
If you have something you want copyrighted, don’t forget to update your copyright information.
You may need to do it in more than one place, so make yourself a checklist for next year. 🙂
Source: It’s a New Year! Don’t Forget to Update Your Copyright Info | Photofocus
A photographer’s take on the idea of ‘Fair Use.’
Copyright infringement happens all the time in SL. And while you can assuage your guilt by saying, ‘I didn’t make any money from it,’ the fact is, whether you did or not does not matter.
If you used copyrighted material (whether it’s music, photos you got from the internet for background textures, or whatever) without getting permission – it’s copyright infringement.
An interesting conundrum, and one that I have often thought about myself. It is so easy to ‘source’ (which in many cases is just outright theft) things from the internet.
I don’t watermark my photos on Flickr, but I do mark them so that attribution is required, which may perhaps stop many from sharing them.
As the author of the article says, you have to do what feels right to you.
Source: To Watermark or not to Watermark. That is the question! | Thirty Summers
As a teacher, one of the topics I taught in all of my classes was plagiarism.
In academics, plagiarism is a serious offense and can have severe consequences, from course failure to expulsion.
Students in my classes learn how to properly credit other people’s works and ideas in their own work.
Many people think that plagiarism and copyright infringement are the same thing.
Though they are similar concepts, they are not the same.
Plagiarism is using someone else’s work without giving them credit and is a policy enforced by schools.
Copyright infringement is using someone else’s work without permission and/or compensation (if appropriate) and is a law enforced by the courts.
Plagiarism doesn’t have to include copyright infringement, though it can.
Some works are so old they are not subject to copyright laws – like The Odyssey or works by Shakespeare, for example.
Legally, a student could copy parts of Shakespeare, because the works are not copyrighted.
However, it would be plagiarism if the student did not credit Shakespeare.
First, let me preface this by saying that I am *not* an attorney.
If you have legal questions or concerns regarding copyright, consult an attorney in your area/country.
I was curious about copyright laws and Second Life and where users of SL draw the line.
After a bit of basic research, copyright law (which covers written works, music, videos, movies, and electronic/digital works) and is generally in effect for a term consisting of the life of the author/creator plus 70 years.
So if I write a book one day and drop dead the next, the book can be covered under copyright for another 70 years.
However, if the book was written jointly with someone else, written anonymously or pseudonymously, or written while I was working for someone, the rules are different (see Section 302 of the Copyright Law of the United States for additional information).
Contrary to many people’s belief, you do not have to register your work through the Copyright Office in order for it to be covered under the copyright law.
You can, but you do not have to.
When you are talking about copyrights for things like music, it can get even more complicated.
Say you write a song and Taylor Swift sings it.
(It could happen, right?!)
Then you have a copyright on the composition, but Taylor Swift (and her record/production company) have copyright on their recording/arrangement as well.
Figuring out who owns what can get messy.
Most music you hear in SL is copyrighted.
As a dancer, I used popular music all the time in my routines.
I justified my use because I always purchased the music I used, I didn’t just rip it from somewhere.
However, my purchase only legally entitles me to ‘personal use’ of the music.
It doesn’t legally allow me to share my music file with someone else, nor to use that music in a performance (digital or other).
It’s something you see on YouTube all the time as well.
Someone will make a video using a copyrighted song.
Some will even post a disclaimer about the song belonging to the original artist.
However, the disclaimer is irrelevant.
They could still be prosecuted for infringement.
Are they?
Not usually, because it’s not cost effective.
Have you ever noticed that some videos on YouTube have links to purchase the artist’s music?
YouTube may have an agreement with that particular artist to leave videos that use the song, as long as they add the purchase link.
Even using on-hold music can fall under copyright, according to ASCAP.
Told you it could get complicated. 🙂
If you use Second Life, you’ve probably heard of DMCA – the Digital Millennium Copyright Act.
You can read a summary of the act here.
Because you hear about DMCA on a fairly regular basis in SL, and because it is part of the copyright law, I began to wonder where people draw the line.
For example, a quick search on Marketplace for ‘superhero’ netted results that included costumes for Superman, Batman, Spiderman, X-men characters, etc.
All characters copyrighted and owned by large corporations.
I’ve purchased a few superhero costumes, and at least one of them included a notecard warning that the creator would file a DMCA if they found evidence of copybotting or other misuse.
Which would be ridiculous, since the odds that they got permission to use the copyrighted character themselves are slim to none.
There’s a lot of copyright infringement in SL – Star Wars, Star Trek, Disney, Marvel, DC, etc.
Could people be sued for infringement?
Yes.
Will they be?
Unlikely.
For many franchises, they are willing to ignore infringement if it is likely to bring them benefits (more fans) and/or not cost effective to pursue legal action.
Lawyers are expensive. 😀
Copyright law also has a fairly short statute of limitations.
For civil actions, the statute of limitations is 3 years.
For criminal proceedings, it is 5 years (see Section 507 of the Copyright Law of the United States.)
Is it ok to use music as long as you don’t charge?
(Side note: According to the law, whether you make money or not is irrelevant – if you use the copyrighted work without permission, it’s infringement.)
Should DJ’s in SL have to obtain licenses for their work?
Should dancers have to obtain licenses for music used in their routines?
Should creators have to obtain permission to use copyrighted characters (like Tinkerbell, Captain America, and others) in their creations?
What about items like replicas of the Starship Enterprise or the Millennium Falcon?
As I’ve become more active in various forums, I’ve seen threads dedicated to tracking/outing copybotters and the like.
I don’t play a lot of video games, so the amount of things that are ripped from video games I found surprising.
What about movie rentals in SL?
Is it even possible to keep track of copyright (and infringement) in this digital day and age?
Is there something you won’t purchase because of copyright?
Where do you draw the line?
Just a reminder that as a blogger, you need to pay attention to TOS and copyright regs. 🙂
One of Eve Kazan’s snapshots (from Flickr) showing Prometheus’ products (robotic arms) and their competitor’s (Neurolab) logo
Second Life Blogger Eve Kazan returned from a holiday abroad in Spain to find WordPress had taken down three snapshots she published on her blog post. Prometheus Creations Studio, owned by Second Life resident Irine Abbot, filed the DMCA with WordPress’s owner, Automattic Inc on May 22nd.
Creator Irine Abott of Prometheus Creations first communicated with Ms Kazan on May 14th about the alleged infringement of the snapshots she published on April 3, 2014, via Facebook:
I was happy to see the robotic arms used in creative ways. However I was not happy to see my products used in commercially advertising a competitor, presenting the impression that they are from Neurolabs. I would appreciate it if you could please either remove the photos or add the product listing of the arms in the post as you did with…
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A Kat and A Mouse 